How can you identify ice formation on critical surfaces post de-icing?

To identify ice formation on critical surfaces after de-icing, conducting a thorough pre-flight inspection for frost or snow is essential. This method involves a close examination of critical surfaces—such as wings, tail, and control surfaces—where ice and frost may accumulate and significantly impact aircraft performance and safety.

A thorough pre-flight inspection allows for the assessment of any residual ice or frost that may not be readily visible from a distance or may form under conditions where visual checks alone might not be sufficient. This approach is comprehensive, enabling the identification of small patches of frost or snow that could compromise the aircraft’s aerodynamics if not addressed before takeoff.

While other options like relying on visual checks from the ground or the pilot's observations can provide some insight, they might not capture all the critical details necessary for assessing ice formation. Similarly, using heat sensors can be beneficial but is not a standard practice in all pre-flight procedures. Therefore, the focus on a methodical and thorough inspection highlights the importance of proactive measures in ensuring aircraft safety after de-icing.