What is a potential consequence of ineffective de-icing?

Ineffective de-icing poses significant risks that directly impact the safety of flights. When an aircraft is not properly de-iced, ice, snow, or frost can accumulate on the wings and other critical surfaces. This accumulation can disrupt the airflow over the aircraft, leading to a reduction in lift and an increase in drag. Consequently, the aircraft might stall at lower speeds or struggle to maintain controlled flight, especially during takeoff and landing phases, which are the most critical moments of any flight.

The safety of passengers and crew is paramount in aviation, and ensuring that aircraft are free from ice and snow directly influences the safe operation of the aircraft. In contrast, ineffective de-icing does not lead to benefits such as increased fuel efficiency, longer flight times, or improved performance, as the presence of ice reduces overall aircraft capability, making the flight less safe.