What is the impact of ice or snow on an airplane's wings during takeoff?

The presence of ice or snow on an airplane's wings during takeoff significantly impacts the aircraft's performance, most notably by prohibiting takeoff. Ice and snow alter the aerodynamic properties of the wings, which are designed to create lift by allowing air to flow smoothly over their surfaces. When ice or snow is present, it disrupts this airflow, leading to a reduction in lift. In critical phases of flight like takeoff, insufficient lift can prevent the aircraft from becoming airborne.

Additionally, the added weight of ice and snow can affect the overall performance of the aircraft, making it heavier and potentially exceeding the maximum takeoff weight limits. The resulting combination of reduced lift and increased weight can compromise the aircraft's ability to accelerate and reach a speed sufficient for takeoff.

Considering the other options, ice or snow does not increase lift and, in fact, can greatly increase drag due to the rough surfaces they create. Therefore, the incorrect suggestions imply a misunderstanding of aerodynamics and the essential conditions required for a successful takeoff.