Which approach is most effective for ice removal during de-icing?

Using heated fluids is the most effective approach for ice removal during de-icing because heated fluids can effectively melt ice at lower temperatures, ensuring that the ice doesn’t just break loose but is also removed and doesn’t refreeze quickly on the surface. Heated fluids, often in the form of de-icing chemicals or solutions, enhance the melting process by providing additional thermal energy. This method can penetrate through the layers of ice and snow, facilitating a faster and more thorough de-icing process compared to relying on physical methods or environmental conditions.

In contrast, snow shovels can remove snow but may not be as effective against solidly frozen ice, which can require different techniques to properly clear. Relying solely on sunlight is unpredictable and may be inadequate, particularly in cold weather conditions when sunlight is insufficient to thaw the ice effectively. Using cold fluids is counterproductive, as they would not assist in melting the ice and could potentially make the situation worse by promoting freezing.