Which of the following surfaces are critical for de-icing?

The wings, tail, and control surfaces are critical for de-icing because they are essential for maintaining the aircraft's aerodynamic performance and control. Ice accumulation on these surfaces can significantly impair lift, alter airflow over the wings, and adversely affect stability and maneuverability, which are crucial for safe operations during takeoff, flight, and landing.

The wings are particularly important because they generate lift, and any ice build-up can lead to performance issues, such as stall conditions. Similarly, the tail controls pitch and stability, while the control surfaces (like ailerons and elevators) are vital for lateral and longitudinal control. Ensuring these surfaces are free from ice is therefore a priority when preparing an aircraft for flight in conditions conducive to icing.

The other options include various aircraft components that, while important for overall aircraft functionality and safety, do not have the same direct impact on aerodynamic performance as the wings, tail, and control surfaces do.